Grain Storage Elevators

Protect personnel from oxygen depletion of breathing air from leakage of silo gas. Silo gas is heavier than air and may collect in personnel areas.

Silo Gas (CO₂, NO₂, NO)

0-25% Oxygen

·        Oxygen Deficiency Monitor-Series 1000

·        Oxygen Deficiency Monitor Series 1300

·        Percent Oxygen Analyzer-Series 2000

Measure CO₂ and O₂ in fermentors

Bio reactors frequently must be kept under tight control with respect to both oxygen and carbon dioxide

Modified Atmosphere

Percent O₂ and Percent CO₂

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Analyzer – Series 9600

Monitoring of Glove Box Atmospheres

Many experiments performed under controlled or inert atmospheres must be done under low oxygen conditions.

Argon, Nitrogen

Percent or Trace

• Percent Oxygen Analyzer-Series 2000
• Series 3000
• Zirconia Oxygen Analyzer (ZRO 2000)

Hydrogen Production by Catalytic Partial Oxidation of Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons are reacted with steam over a catalyst to produce gas containing H₂, which can be used as a synthesis gas or the H₂ can be separated & purified.

H₂

Trace

·        Series 3000

·        Portable Oxygen Analyzer (Series 3520)

Transportation of Bulk Industrial Gases

Bulk gases are transferred to tanker trucks or transported via pipeline for delivery to end users.

Argon, Hydrocarbons, H₂, Mixtures, Nitrogen, N₂, Silo Gas (CO₂, NO₂, NO)

Trace

·        Series 3000

·        Portable Oxygen Analyzer (Series 3520)

Preserve oxygen sensitive materials

Monitor the percent oxygen in chambers and/or glove boxes that contain oxygen sensitive components.

Argon, Helium, H₂, N₂

Percent

• Oxygen Monitor
• Percent Oxygen Analyzer-Series 2000
• Zirconia Oxygen Analyzer (ZRO 2000)

Manufacturing of latex and related chemicals

To determine O₂ in the chemicals by spraying them into a nitrogen-free atmosphere and measuring the O₂ content.

N₂

Trace or Percent

·        Series 3000

Inert gas blanketing of processes/reactor vessels and purging of chemicals

Many processes involve chemicals that will react with O₂ contamination to have harmful effects on the end product. Inerting with N2 is usually required.

N₂

Trace or Percent

·        Percent Oxygen Analyzer-Series 2000

·        Series 3000

·        Trace Oxygen Transmitter-Series 3510

·        Zirconia Oxygen Analyzer (ZRO 2000)

Inert gas blanketing of stored raw materials and finished chemical products

Tanks, trucks and other storage vessels are filled with an inert gas to protect the stored chemicals from O₂.

N₂

Trace or Percent

·        Percent Oxygen Analyzer-Series 2000

·        Percent Oxygen Measurement

·        Series 3000

·        Trace Oxygen Transmitter-Series 3510

·        Zirconia Oxygen Analyzer (ZRO 2000)

Stack Gas Analysis

Measure efficiency of combustion process

Flue Gas

Percent

·        Portable Percent Oxygen Analyzer

Switch boxes and electrical enclosures that require back filling with SF₆

Excessive levels or oxygen can cause arcing and be a fore bearer of corrosion within transformers

SF₆

Trace

·        Series 3000

Ammonia (NH3) production

H₂ & N₂ are combined 3:1 ratio to produce NH₃. There are many sources of H₂, including steam reforming of natural gas, partial oxidation, etc.

H₂, N₂

Trace

·        Series 3000

·        Trace Oxygen Transmitter-Series 3510

Determine optimum transmission parameters

Transmission of signals at different wavelengths are affected by the presence or absence of humidity and oxygen.

N₂

Trace

·        Series 3000

·        Portable Oxygen Analyzer (Series 3520)

Measurement of oxygen in landfill gases

Measurement of oxygen is used to help assess the quality of the landfill gases that are used to power incinerators and boilers

Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide, Methane, N₂

Percent

·        Percent Oxygen Analyzer-Series 2000

Glove Box

Ensure gas used to back fill bulbs are devoid of oxygen.

Argon, Helium, N₂

Trace

·        Series 3000

·        Trace Oxygen Transmitter-Series 3510

MRI Installations

Monitor quality of breathing air to ensure that the cryogenic gases used to cool the MRI magnets don’t deplete the breathing air oxygen in confined spaces

Air

Percent 20.9%

·       Oxygen Deficiency Monitor-Series 1000

·       Oxygen Deficiency Monitor-Series 1300

Sintering

Powdered metal is pressed into shapes and heated to >2000 degrees F for hours in an inert atmosphere, to increase bulk density and other properties.

H₂, N₂

Trace

·        Series 3000

·        Trace Oxygen Transmitter-Series 3510

Specialty Welding

The welding parts are done under inert conditions using either nitrogen, argon, or helium gas to provide a protective atmosphere.

Argon, Helium, N₂

Trace

·       Series 3000

·        Trace Oxygen Transmitter-Series 3510

·        Portable Oxygen Analyzer (Series 3520)

Bright Annealing

For certain steel alloying processes pure nitrogen atmospheres are required. So is the case in hot rolling mills.

H₂, N₂

Trace

·       Series 3000

Steel Production

Many experiments performed under controlled or inert atmospheres must be done under low oxygen conditions.

Argon, Nitrogen, N₂

Percent and Trace

·        Percent Oxygen Analyzer-Series 2000

·        Series 3000

·        Zirconia Oxygen Analyzer (ZRO 2000)

Waste Gas Monitoring at Nuclear Power Plants

Monitoring inlet and outlet gas from recombiner. Percent O₂ and H₂ are measured at inlet to ecombine- er. O₂ in ppm is measured at outlet of recombiner.

Argon, Helium, H₂, N₂

Trace

·        Series 3000

·        Trace Oxygen Transmitter-Series 3510

Tritium Recovery

Research in separating tritium from deuterium, after the use of heavy water (D₂O) in nuclear reactors.

Deuterium, Tritium

·        Series 3000

·        Trace Oxygen Transmitter-Series 3510

Tritium Recovery

Research in separating tritium from deuterium, after the use of heavy water (D2O) in nuclear reactors.

Deuterium, Tritium

Trace

·        Series 3000

·        Trace Oxygen Transmitter-Series 3510

Pipelines containing gas feedstocks such as natural gas

Gas producers and gas pipeline end users have specifications requiring low ppm O₂ in natural gas.

Hydrocarbon feed-stocks, Natural Gas

Trace

·        Series 3000

·        Trace Oxygen Transmitter-Series 3510

Pipelines containing gas feedstocks such as natural gas

Gas producers and gas pipeline end-users have specification requiring low ppm O₂ in natural gas.

Hydrocarbon feed-stocks, Natural Gas

·        Series 3000

·        Trace Oxygen Transmitter-Series 3510

Production of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyesters and other polymers

Feedstock polymerization reaction creates plastics that meet desired specifications. In certain processes N₂ blankets prevent O₂ contamination

Ethylene, N₂, Other, Propylene

Trace or Percent

·        Series 3000

·        Trace Oxygen Transmitter-Series 3510

Monitoring of Centrifuges

Drying of solvent-based pharmaceutical products often requires use of process centrifuges. To avoid flash fires, oxygen levels are kept under 2%.

N₂

Percent

·        Percent Oxygen Analyzer-Series 2000

·        Percent Oxygen Measurement

UV/E-beam Curing

Electron Beam and/or UV curing of certain plastics requires the curing be done in a low oxygen environment. Excessive levels of oxygen adversely affect the curing and product spoilage increases.

N₂

Trace or Percent

·        Percent Oxygen Analyzer-Series 2000

·        Series 3000

·        Zirconia Oxygen Analyzer (ZRO 2000)

Power Plant Hydrogen-Cooled Generators

Hydrogen is an excellent cooling gas for turbine generators because it has a low viscosity and high thermal conductivity reducing friction & heat losses.

H₂

Trace

·        Series 3000

·        Trace Oxygen Transmitter-Series 3510

Ensure the Quality of the Gas Generated

Pressure Swing Adsorption and Vacuum Swing Adsorption Systems often incorporate O₂ monitors to help ensure gas quality.

Air

Percent

·        Percent Oxygen Analyzer-Series 2000

·        Percent Oxygen Measurement

Annealing of Wafers

Silicon wafers are heat treated in an inert atmosphere, high temperature furnace.

Argon, Helium, H₂, Mixtures, N₂

Trace

·        Series 3000

·        Trace Oxygen Transmitter-Series 3520

Furnaces for production of ceramic components (sintering process)

Ceramic components are made from sintered materials which involve heat treating/bonding of powders to form a coherent shape.

N₂

Trace or Percent

·        Series 3000

·        Trace Oxygen Transmitter-Series 3510

·        Zirconia Oxygen Analyzer (ZRO 2000)

Measure precise levels of oxygen in gas cylinders

Analyzer is used to validate the concentration of oxygen in cylinders of specialty gases

Argon, etc., Helium, Nitrogen

Trace

·        Series 3000

·        Zirconia Oxygen Analyzer (ZRO 2000)

Production of nylon, orlon, and polyesters

Polymerization reaction.

H₂

Trace

·        Series 3000

·        Trace Oxygen Transmitter-Series 3510

Animal Recovery Chambers

Oxygen therapy is frequently used for pets recovering from surgery and/or disease

Air, Enriched Atmosphere

Percent

·        Oxygen Monitor

·        Percent Oxygen Analyzer-Series 2000

·        Zirconia Oxygen Analyzer (ZRO 2000)